Test tilde:~\verb=~=$a~b$.
\href{\url{a~b\~c}}{some url}
The XML translation is
Test tilde: ~
.
a~b~c
Note how ''~'' and ''\~'' are handled by the ''\url'' command.
In the current version of //Tralics//, the tilde character is active and defined as ''\def~{\nobreakspace}''. The only purpose of the change is to make the following example work (it is file ''xii'' by David Carlisle).
\let~\catcode~`76~`A13~`F1~`j00~`P2jdefA71F~`7113jdefPALLF
PA''FwPA;;FPAZZFLaLPA//71F71iPAHHFLPAzzFenPASSFthP;A$$FevP
A@@FfPARR717273F737271P;ADDFRgniPAWW71FPATTFvePA**FstRsamP
AGGFRruoPAqq71.72.F717271PAYY7172F727171PA??Fi*LmPA&&71jfi
Fjfi71PAVVFjbigskipRPWGAUU71727374 75,76Fjpar71727375Djifx
:76jelse&U76jfiPLAKK7172F71l7271PAXX71FVLnOSeL71SLRyadR@oL
RrhC?yLRurtKFeLPFovPgaTLtReRomL;PABB71 72,73:Fjif.73.jelse
B73:jfiXF71PU71 72,73:PWs;AMM71F71diPAJJFRdriPAQQFRsreLPAI
I71Fo71dPA!!FRgiePBt'el@ lTLqdrYmu.Q.,Ke;vz vzLqpip.Q.,tz;
;Lql.IrsZ.eap,qn.i. i.eLlMaesLdRcna,;!;h htLqm.MRasZ.ilk,%
s$;z zLqs'.ansZ.Ymi,/sx ;LYegseZRyal,@i;@ TLRlogdLrDsW,@;G
LcYlaDLbJsW,SWXJW ree @rzchLhzsW,;WERcesInW qt.'oL.Rtrul;e
doTsW,Wk;Rri@stW aHAHHFndZPpqar.tridgeLinZpe.LtYer.W,:jbye
===== \~ =====
The ''\~'' command allows you to put a tilde accent on a letter (see also the ''\tilde'' command). The possibilities are given here:
\~A \~a \~{\^A} \~{\^a} \~{\u A} \~{\u a} \~E \~e \~{\^E} \~{\^e}
\~I \~i \~N \~n \~O \~o \~{\=O} \~{\=o} \~{\'O} \~{\'o} \~{\"O}
\~{\"o} \~{\^O} \~{\^o} \~{\H O} \~{\H o} \~U \~u \~{\'U} \~{\'u} \~{\H U}
\~{\H u} \~V \~v \~Y \~y
the result is:
à ã Ẫ ẫ Ẵ ẵ Ẽ ẽ Ễ ễ Ĩ ĩ Ñ ñ Õ õ ȭ Ȭ Ṍ ṍ Ṏ ṏ Ỗ ỗ Ő̃ ő̃ Ũ ũ Ṹ ṹ Ű̃ ű̃ Ṽ ṽ Ỹ ỹ
===== \$ =====
The ''\$'' command is valid in math mode and text mode. It generates a dollar sign. See also the description of the ''\qquad'' command. Remember that the dollar sign by itself (using default category codes) starts or finishes a math formula.
===== \% =====
The ''\%'' command is valid in math mode and text mode. It generates a percent sign %. See also the description of the ''\qquad'' command. Remember that the percent sign by itself (using default category codes) starts a comment.
===== \& =====
The ''\&'' command is valid in math mode and text mode. It generates a ampersand sign &. See description of the ''\qquad'' command. Remember that the ''&'' character is valid only inside arrays as a cell delimiter (see description of arrays).
===== \! =====
The ''\!'' command is valid in math mode and text mode. It generates a negative space of -3/18em in math mode
a - b -- c --- d
a - b – c — d
preview dashes
===== | (vertical bar) =====
The ''|'' command it is equivalent to ''\vert'' as a math delimiter. See description of the ''\vert'' command.
===== \| (backslash vertical bar) =====
The ''\|'' command is valid only in math mode. It is equivalent to ''\Vert''. It produces the character U+2225, ''\u2225''. See description of the ''\vert'' command.
===== \# =====
The character ''#'' has category 6, is described here, and cannot be use to produce a sharp sign, you must used ''\#'' instead. It is valid in text and in math mode; you can also use ''\sharp'', that produces the musical sign character U+266F, ''\u266f''. See also description of the ''\AA'' command.
===== \\ (backslash backslash) =====
The ''\\'' command has three meanings, depending on whether it is in text, in a text table, or in math table. It can be followed by a star (which is ignored) and an optional argument in brackets, which is a dimension. Inside a table, the ''\\'' indicates the end of the current row, and the optional argument specifies additional space between rows. This argument is currently ignored in math mode. Note that ''\\'' finished the current cell, the current row, and starts a new row and a new cell. If this is the last cell in the table, and if it is empty, then the row is removed. Said otherwise, a ''\\'' is ignored at the end of a table; it is however needed before a final ''\hline'' if you want an horizontal rule at the end of the table.
Outside a table, a ''\\'' specifies the end of a paragraph, and the start of a new one, which is not indented. The optional argument indicates vertical space to be added (see also the ''\vskip'' command). In a title, the command with its arguments is replaced by ''\@headercr'', a command that produces a space by default. We give here an example of ''\\'' outside a table.
text A \\* text B \\[3mm] text C
\expandafter\def\csname @headercr\endcsname{; }
\section{A\\[2mm]B}
\begin{center}
line one\\
this is the second line
\end{center}
This is the XML translation. The element has a noindent attribute only if it has no rend attribute.
text A
text B
text C
line one
this is the second line
\begin{equation}
\begin{array}{lcl}
\dot{x} & = & Ax+g(x,u)\\[2mm]
y & = & Cx \\
\multicolumn{3}{l}{x\in R^n}
\end{array}
\end{equation}
This is the XML translation.
\begin{tabular}{|ll|rr|cc|}
\hline a&b&c&d&e&f\\
aaa&bbb&ccc&ddd&eee&fff\\
\hline
A&\multicolumn{3}{l|}{BCD}&E&F\\
\multicolumn{2}{|l}{ab}&c&d&e&f\\
\cline{1-3}\cline{6-6}
aaa&bbb&ccc&ddd&eee&fff\\\hline
\end{tabular}
This is the XML translation.
| a |
b |
c |
d |
e |
f |
| aaa |
bbb |
ccc |
ddd |
eee |
fff |
| A |
BCD |
E |
F |
| ab |
c |
d |
e |
f |
| aaa |
bbb |
ccc |
ddd |
eee |
fff |
The rendering of the tabular is not good: first, the width of the table is the width of the page (changed to 15cm in this example), and the width of each column is defined by the number of characters in it (in this example, you do not see a difference, but replacing ''a'' by ''$a$'' would be catastrophic).
You should look at the page on arrays. It contains an example similar to this one. You can see that we changed the algorithm: a ''\hline'' implies a bottom-border on the previous row.
example of ''\\'' in a normal table
===== [, \[ =====
The ''['' command can be used as a math delimiter. See description of the ''\vert'' command.
The expansion of ''\['' is ''$$''. It means: `begin display math' but //Tralics// does no check.
===== ], \] =====
The '']'' command can be used as a math delimiter. See description of the ''\vert'' command.
The expansion of ''\]'' is ''$$''. It means: `end display math' but //Tralics// does no check. Hence ''$a\]b$'' and ''\]x\['' are valid expressions.
===== (, \( =====
The ( command can be used as a math delimiter. See description of the \vert command.
The expansion of ''\('' is ''$''. It means: `start inline math' but //Tralics// does no check. This command is also used as an opening delimiter by the ifthen package.
===== ), \) =====
The '')'' command can be used as a math delimiter. See description of the ''\vert'' command.
The expansion of ''\)'' is ''$''. It means: `end inline math' but //Tralics// does no check. In particular ''$$ a\(\)'' is valid; note also that ''\(\)'' is an empty math formula. This command is also used as a closing delimiter by the [[ctanpkg>ifthen]] package.
===== < (less than sign) =====
The ''<'' command can be used as a math delimiter. See description of the ''\vert'' command. Otherwise, it translates like a normal character, but is always printed as ''<'' in the XML output. There is one exception: the ''rawxml'' environment prints the convent verbatim, and the ''\xmllatex'' command print
===== > (greater than sign) =====
The ''>'' command can be used as a math delimiter. See description of the ''\vert'' command.
===== ' (single quote, apostrophe, straight quote) =====
This character '' ' '' behaves normally in text mode; it has a special meaning when //Tralics// reads a number (see scanint); it has a special meaning in math mode. Plain TeX defines an active apostrophe character as follows
{\catcode`\'=\active \gdef'{^\bgroup\prim@s}}
\def\prim@s{\prime\futurelet\next\pr@m@s}
\def\pr@m@s{\ifx'\next\let\nxt\pr@@@s \else\ifx^\next\let\nxt\pr@@@t
\else\let\nxt\egroup\fi\fi \nxt}
\def\pr@@@s#1{\prim@s} \def\pr@@@t#1#2{#2\egroup}
The definition of LaTeX is similar, with \expandafter instead of ''\nxt''. In //Tralics//, these lines of TeX code are replaced by some lines of C++. The effect can be seen on the following example.
{\tracingall $x' x'' x''' x'''' u_2' v'^3_4$}
The transcript file will hold
{math shift}
+stack: level + 3
...
Math: $x^{\prime } x^{\prime \prime } x^{\prime \prime \prime }
x^{\prime \prime \prime \prime } u_2^{\prime } v^{\prime 3}_4$
We have removed a bunch of lines of the form ''+stack: level'', because each opening and closing brace changes the current level (by the way, it is the dollar sign that increases the level first). The XML translation is the following.
===== \' (backslash left quote) =====
The single quote character behaves normally, but has a special meaning when //Tralics// reads a number (see scanint). The ''\' '' command puts an acute accent over some letters. Do not confuse with ''\acute'', which is a math-only command. Example
\'A \'a \'{\AA} \'{\aa} \'{\AE} \'{\ae} \'{\^A} \'{\^a} \'{\u A} \'{\u a}
\'C \'c \'{\c C} \'{\c c} \'E \'e \'{\=E}
\'{\=e} \'{\^E} \'{\^e} \'G \'g \'I \'i \\\'{\"I} \'{\"i} \'K \'k \'L \'l \'M
\'m \'N \'n \'O \'o \'{\O} \'{\o} \'{\~O} \'{\~o} \'{\=O} \'{\=o} \'{\^O}
\'{\^o} \'{\H O} \'{\H o}\\ \'P \'p \'R \'r \' S \'s
\'{\.S} \'{\.s} \'U \'u \'{\"U} \'{\"u} \'{\~U} \'{\~u} \'{\H U} \'{\H u}
\'W \'w \'Y \'y \'Z \'z
gives
Á á Ǻ ǻ Ǽ ǽ Ấ ấ Ắ ắ
Ć ć Ḉ ḉ É é Ḗ
ḗ Ế ế Ǵ ǵ Í í
Ḯ ḯ Ḱ ḱ Ĺ ĺ Ḿ
ḿ Ń ń Ó ó Ǿ ǿ Ṍ ṍ Ṓ ṓ Ố
ố Ớ ớ
Ṕ ṕ Ŕ ŕ Ś ś
Ṥ ṥ Ú ú Ǘ ǘ Ṹ ṹ Ứ ứ
Ẃ ẃ Ý ý Ź ź
===== \" (backslash double quote) =====
The double quote character behaves normally, but has a special meaning when //Tralics// reads a number (see scanint). The ''\"'' command puts a umlaut or diaeresis accent over some letters. Example:
\"A \"a \"{\=A} \"{\=a} \"E \"e \"H \"h \"I \"i \"{\'I} \"{\'i} \"O \"o
\"{\=O} \"{\=o} \"{\~O} \"{\~o} \"t\\ \"U \"u \"{\=U} \"{\=u} \"{\`U} \"{\`u}
\"{\'U} \"{\'u} \"{\v U} \"{\v u} \"W \"w \"X \"x \"Y \"y
gives
Ä ä Ǟ ǟ Ë ë Ḧ ḧ Ï ï Ḯ ḯ Ö ö
Ȫ ȫ Ṏ ṏ ẗ
Ü ü Ṻ ṻ Ǜ ǜ
Ǘ ǘ Ǚ ǚ Ẅ ẅ Ẍ ẍ Ÿ ÿ
===== \= (backslash equals) =====
The ''\='' command generates a macro accent, similar to the ''\bar'' (that works in math mode only). The translation of
\=A \=a \={\"A} \={\"a} \={\.A} \={\.a} \=\AE \=\ae \=E \= e \={\'E} \={\'e}
\={\`E} \={\`e} \=G \=g \=H \=h\\
\=I \=i \={\d L} \={\d l} \= O \=o \={\k O} \={\k o} \={\"O} \={\"o} \={\~O}
\={\~o} \={\.O} \={\.o} \={\`O} \={\`o} \={\'O} \={\'o}\\ \={\d R} \={\d r}
\=T \=t \=U \=u \={\"U} \={\"u} \=Y \=y
is
Ā ā Ǟ ǟ Ǡ ǡ ǢǣĒ ē Ḗ ḗ
Ḕ ḕ Ḡ ḡ Ħ ħ
Ī ī Ḹ ḹ Ō ō Ǭ ǭ Ȫ ȫ Ȭ
ȭ Ȱ ȱ Ṑ ṑ Ṓ ṓ Ṝ ṝ
Ŧ ŧ Ū ū Ṻ ṻ Ȳ ȳ
===== \. (backslash dot) =====
The ''\.'' command generates dot accent, similar to the ''\dot'' (that works in math mode only). The translation of
\.A \.a \.{\=A} \.{\=a} \.B \.b \.C \.c \.D \.d \.E \.e \.F \.f \.G \.g \.H
\.h \.I \.L \.l \.M \.m \.N \.n \.O \.o \.{\=O} \.{\=o} \.P \.p \.R \.r \.S
\.s \.{\d S} \.{\d s} \.{\v S} \.{\v s} \.{\'S} \.{\'s} \.T \.t \.W \.w \.X
\.x \.Y \.y \.Z \.z
is
Ȧ ȧ Ǡ ǡ Ḃ ḃ Ċ ċ Ḋ ḋ Ė ė
Ḟ ḟ Ġ ġ Ḣ ḣ İ Ŀ ŀ Ṁ ṁ Ṅ
ṅ Ȯ ȯ Ȱ ȱ Ṗ ṗ Ṙ ṙ Ṡ ṡ
Ṩ ṩ Ṧ ṧ Ṥ ṥ Ṫ ṫ Ẇ ẇ Ẋ
ẋ Ẏ ẏ Ż ż
===== \^ (backslash hat) =====
The ''\^'' command generates a circonflex accent, similar to the ''\hat'' command (that works in math mode only). The translation of
\^A \^a \^{\'A} \^{\'a} \^{\`A} \^{\`a} \^{\h A} \^{\h a} \^{\~A} \^{\~a}
\^{\d A} \^{\d a} \^C \^c \^E \^e \^{\'E} \^{\'e} \^{\`E} \^{\`e} \^{\h E}
\^{\h e} \^{\~E} \^{\~e} \^{\d E} \^{\d e} \^G \^g \^H \^h \^I \^i \^J \^j
\^O \^o \^{\'O} \^{\'o} \^{\`O} \^{\`o} \^{\h O} \^{\h o} \^{\~O} \^{\~o}
\^{\d O} \^{\d o} \^S \^ s \^U \^u \^W \^w \^Y \^y \^Z \^z
is
 â Ấ ấ Ầ ầ Ẩ ẩ Ẫ ẫ
Ậ ậ Ĉ ĉ
Ê ê Ế ế Ề ề Ể
ể Ễ ễ Ệ ệ Ĝ ĝ Ĥ ĥ Î î Ĵ ĵ
Ô ô Ố ố Ồ ồ Ổ ổ Ỗ ỗ
Ộ ộ Ŝ ŝ Û û Ŵ ŵ Ŷ ŷ Ẑ ẑ
===== \` (backslash backquote) =====
The backquote character behaves normally, but has a special meaning when //Tralics// reads a number (see scanint). The ''\`'' command generates a grave accent, similar to the \grave command (that works in math mode only). The translation of
\`A \`a \`{\^A} \`{\^a} \`{\u A} \`{\u a} \`E \`e \`{\=E} \`{\=e} \`{\^E}
\`{\^e} \`I \`i \`N \`n \\\`O \`o \`{\=O} \`{\=o} \`{\^O} \`{\^o}
\`{\H O} \`{\H o} \`U \`u \`{\"U} \`{\"u} \`{\H U} \`{\H u} \`W \`w \`Y\`y
is
À à Ầ ầ Ằ ằ È è Ḕ ḕ Ề
ề Ì ì Ǹ ǹ
Ò ò Ṑ ṑ Ồ ồ
Ờ ờ Ù ù Ǜ ǜ Ừ ừ Ẁ ẁ Ỳỳ
===== \ (backslash space) =====
The ''\ '' command (backslash space) adds a space character to the XML tree. The command name is formed of a backslash followed by a space, a tabulation, a line-feed, or a carriage return. Since these characters are of catcode 10 (space), spaces after them is ignored. At the start of chapter 25 of the